p8 1817 Journal Thomas Dean

He was a pioneer of most sturdy stock, over six feet tall and very muscular. He was born in Westchester County, near New York city, in 1733, and moved with his father to Oneida County in 1798. They were Quakers, and his father received an annuity of £50 from the Society of Friends in New York city for services as missionary en- gaged in teaching the Indians industry and morality. Thus Thomas Dean grew into benevolent work among the Broth- ertown Indians, and the Quaker annuity eventually came to him. The nearest postoffice was fourteen miles away. at Old Fort Schuyler, now Utica.

He devoted his life to Indian philanthropy. He was con- fident that the Indians could be made into industrious, moral citizens. His energy was prodigious. He spent much time in Washington, for some years going to every session of Congress to secure legislation in protection of the In- dians. These joumeys were made in stage coaches. The distance from Deansboro to Washington was about 500 miles. It is interesting to note the cost of transportation by stage in those days. His account in 1828 shows the cost of two seats in stage, from Utica to Albany, $7.00; Albany to New York city, $20.00; New York to Philadelphia, $12.00; Philadelphia to Baltimore, $12.00; Baltimore to Washing- ton, $5.00; total fares, one way, $56.00. There were also tips to drivers, ferry over the Susquehanna and other rivers, extras for trunks, etc. His visits to Albany to meet the New York Legislature were much more frequent.

His accounts with the Brothertown Indians show the fol- lowing entty: "They agreed to allow me for my extra serv- ices going to the city of Washington six times, to Green